When trying to come up with a topic for my ADS I ran into some problems. To be honest, I ran into _one_ problem: my roommate- whom we'll call Leslie, because he deserves it. Between the constant sounds of his X-Box and the faint haze of Cheetos dust that seemed to build up around him, I couldn't think. Now, don't get me wrong, Leslie,dear Lord,heart of Gold, love the man like a brother, and he really did try his best to be helpful. I had already decided to talk about college because, well, I'm a middle class white male from the suburbs. I'm pretty boring. And fat. Anyway, Leslie, he suggested things like "Tell them about the time I let the Delta Phi guys defecate in my closet for initiation," not only doesn't he get the concept of a speech, he doesn't really get the concept of an initiation... he wasn't actually rushing the frat at the time. But, as his suggestions grew more and more inane, it dawned on me. I dramatically stood, and, while dramatically pointing, I dramatically said "You are too dumb to be in college!"
Now, that may be a controversial opinion, but it bears thinking about. The Millennial Generation is the first to go into the world with the idea that a college education should be as universal as a high school diploma, and that sounds really good! It isn't. There are real issues arising from over-education, and not just for the individual currently enrolled. The trend is hurting our economy and if it continues, will make a recovery all the more difficult.
So, today, we'll enroll ourselves in the causes of over-education, sleep through the effects, and finally, overdose on caffeine while studying for the solutions.
Like the number of times I've actually been to my Management class, there are two primary causes of over-education. The first is a the idea that college equals higher earnings, the second is the employers waiting to gobble up college grads as soon as they've dry cleaned their caps and gowns. Everyone who's ever spoken to a High School counselor has heard that college graduates earn a billion times more than those that just get a High School diploma- there's no data on if that includes people who major in Window Licking or Philosophy. However, what if you flip the cliche on its head; what if college isn't a magic jillionaire-creation factory, but the people who would likely be jillionaires in their own right are the type of people who would be in college. According to Christopher Jencks's report "Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effects of Family and Schooling in America," that may well be the case. He finds that students from high earning families tend to earn more than their less fortunate counterparts, _even when they receive the same amount of schooling_. In fact, the report finds that higher education only increases the earning potential of poorer graduates by a fraction of that of wealthier students of comparable attainment. The system is more obviously damaged than Penn State day care alumni, but encouraging people to go to college is the solution to a problem that doesn't exist. In fact, by encouraging more spending towards a system that isn't helping their earning potential, the poor are more adversely effected than anyone else.
And that's just half of the fun! Because I'm gonna let you in on a secret. Businesses love hiring educated people, but businesses hate paying for shit! You see, hiring people is hard, usually. They want money, they want "sick leave" and "not to be sexual harassed at my McDonald's job when I was 16" -long story, and probably explains the Penn State joke- so that a good employee is expensive. Usually. But, when employment is down, good employees go on clearance. According to U.S. Census Data, educational attainment dipped in the late 70s and early 80s; not surprisingly, these numbers coincide with high unemployment rates; as high as 10 per cent. What is interesting, though is that afterward, when employment rose back to it's original level, educational attainment rose up to seven percent above the former levels, with no rise in employment or average income. During the recession, people saw that those with degrees had jobs, and they wanted jobs. So they got degrees. Suddenly, employers could take their pick because everyone's got a degree. Which meant that employers could look at your resume and say "you can have the job, for half the salary, none of these benefits, sign over your first-born son, and no you don't get a company car." It's the law of supply and demand, with demand very much in the lead. So we've seen that over education has its roots in the erroneous idea that college equals higher earnings and businesses that want to get grads on the cheap.
Now that I've got you terminally depressed with the causes, I'm just going to hammer home the despair with the effects of the situation, which are- if you can believe it- worse. Like the number of sober students in my Thursday night Economics class, there are two of these. The first is that you can't get a job, but that's okay because the second is that your University didn't prepare you for one anyway. You see, the glut of well educated folks has led to this thing called "mal-employment." The term refers to the phenomena where people aren't employed in the fields they got expensive degrees for. According to the Center for Labor Market Studies at Northeastern University, as many as 40 per cent of college grads are mal-employed, six years after graduation. Degrees aren't just an excuse to learn things, or to smoke copious amounts of pot and waste four years of your parent's money. Degrees are an investment. This is especially a problem when you consider that according to President Barack Obama on January 27th, while speaking at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, student loan debt now exceeds total credit card debt in America.
So a market full of graduates screws the grads coming and going, is there anyone not getting screwed? Oh, right, the universities, with all of the extra enrollment, they've got to be doing okay, right? Not really. Because, you see, when everyone wants a degree it becomes a factory process, like high school. This is where places like ITT Tech, the University of Phoenix and other for-profit universities flourish. These places give up degrees like Charlie Sheen gives up reality. In fact, ITT Tech, in 2005, paid the State of California for just such an offense, to the tune of $750,000.00 according to Doug Lederman of InsideHigherEd in October of 2005.
So, now that we see how terrible the situation is- worse than Whitney Houston's February horoscope (too soon? I don't care; I was using that joke in January)- we can finally turn to some solutions. There are two, the first lies in education and discussion, and the second in the cold machinations of big business. The first order of business is that there needs to be frank dialogue about whether college is a good idea, not only in the community at large, but in the counseling offices, in the classrooms and over dinner tables. According to the October fifth, 2010 Huffington Post, Americans still view community colleges and vocational training as inherently less successful than a four year degree. The next step is to hold businesses accountable for their hiring practices. Enforce transparency about hiring practices, and reward companies that hire based on merit rather than education. Above all, emphasize that businesses that hire smarter, not easier, will pay less for a better employee.
Today, we looked at the problem of over-education, its causes, the effects on students, universities and businesses, and some possible solutions. It's hard to discuss the problem without coming across as a classist or an elitist, but this isn't a problem of rich versus poor or smart versus dumb. It's a problem with our culture and our economy that punishes those that shouldn't be in college with crippling debt, and punishes those that should be with degrees that don't return on the investment they represent. To return to our first scenario, it turns out my friend Leslie dropped out recently. But he took a job with a Fortune 50 company and is making more every year than his total education would have cost. Leslie is better off for not going to school, who else could be?